Camp Sherman, the World War I National Army training cantonment, covering over 2,000 acres with more than 1,000 buildings housed 40,000+ Ohio born soldiers forming the 83rd Ohio Division and part of the African-American 92nd Pioneer Division. The camp nearly doubled the population of Chillicothe during its three years (1917-1920) of operation. The camp grounds were transformed into a Veterans’ Administration hospital, a federal vocational training institute and a federal prison. Only the original camp library building remains standing today. Archaeological and archival studies for Ohio Department of Transportation projects over the past 20 years encountered camp remnants which provide glimpses of this once vibrant military community.