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Republicans Propose Big Tax Cuts, But Target Popular Deductions
By: Scott Horsley | NPR
Posted on:
Updated at 2:24 p.m. ET
House Republicans unveiled a draft tax bill on Thursday, calling for deep cuts in both individual and corporate tax rates.
“With this bill, we will grow our economy by delivering more jobs, fairer taxes, and bigger paychecks to Americans of all walks of life,” said Rep. Kevin Brady, R-Texas, chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee.
The rollout, originally scheduled for Wednesday, was postponed to give bill drafters more time. They’re still struggling to find sufficient revenue to avoid a budget-busting score. As a result, some of the tax changes have been made temporary or phased in over time.
Here are some of the highlights of the bill (you can read the full text here):
- Four individual tax brackets would be introduced at 12 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent, with the top rate of 39.6 percent remaining in place for the very wealthy.
- Corporate taxes would drop from 35 percent to 20 percent permanently.
- Standard deduction increases from $6,350 to $12,000 for individuals and $12,700 to $24,000 for married couples.
- Child tax credit would expand from $1,000 to $1,600.
- Federal deductions for state and local income and sales taxes to be eliminated, but local property taxes can be deducted up to $10,000.
- No changes to limits on 401(k) pre-tax contributions.
- Alternative Minimum Tax to be repealed.
- Estate tax would kick in at $11.2 million, up from $5.49 million, but it would be fully repealed as of 2024.
- Corporate profits from overseas would no longer be taxed, but there would be a minimum 10 percent tax on foreign subsidiaries.
The plan leaves intact a top individual tax rate of 39.6 percent to address charges that the cuts are unduly favorable to the rich. The bill would raise the income threshold at which the top tax rate would apply to $500,000 or a million dollars for couples. In a boost for the wealthy, the plan also eliminates the alternative minimum tax and phases out the estate tax over a period of six years.
Republicans hope to offset some of the lost revenue from lower tax rates by eliminating tax breaks elsewhere in the code.
“With this plan, we are getting rid of loopholes for special interests and we are leveling the playing field,” said House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wisc.
But that’s politically challenging. Two of the costliest tax breaks — for mortgage interest and gifts to charity — were declared off-limits at the outset, although the draft plan limits the mortgage deduction on future home purchases to loans of $500,000, down from the current $1 million. Efforts to curtail other popular breaks — for retirement savings and state and local taxes — have faced pushback from the White House and Republicans in high-tax states.
The draft bill released by the House Ways and Means Committee would reduce the number of individual tax rates from seven to four: 12 percent, 25 percent, 35 percent and 39.6 percent. The bill nearly doubles the standard deduction, which will make tax-filing easier for some people. However, it eliminates personal exemptions, which could adversely affect larger families.
As expected, the corporate tax rate would drop from 35 percent to 20 percent. And the bill would establish a lower tax rate of 25 percent for so-called “pass through” businesses such as partnerships that currently pay taxes at their owners’ individual rate.
The bill aims to encourage business investment by allowing companies to deduct those costs immediately, rather than spreading the deduction over a period of years. However, this provision is scheduled to sunset after five years.
Multinational corporations would no longer be taxed on profits earned overseas, although the plan would establish a minimum tax rate of 10 percent on foreign subsidiaries.
Although House lawmakers floated the idea of limiting tax breaks for retirement savings, the draft bill unveiled today would preserve the deduction for 401(k) style savings.
The bill would eliminate the deduction for state and local income taxes, a move that’s particularly costly in high-tax states such as New York, New Jersey, and California. In an effort to mollify House Republicans from those states, drafters included a provision to allow taxpayers to deduct up to $10,000 in local property taxes.
The lower limit on mortgage interest that’s tax deductible is sure to invite opposition from the housing industry, a powerful player in Washington.
“Eliminating or nullifying the tax incentives for homeownership puts home values and middle class homeowners at risk,” said William E. Brown, president of the National Association of Realtors.
The Ways and Means Committee plans to take up the draft tax bill next week, with an eye towards a House vote before Thanksgiving. President Trump is eager to sign a tax overhaul by December.
“We’re working to give the American people a giant tax cut for Christmas,” Trump said. “It will also be tax reform and it will create jobs.”
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